Confirming pregnancy with ultrasound
Ultrasound can reliably confirm pregnancy from approximately day 24 of gestation. The examination reveals gestational sacs and fetal viability can be assessed based on heartbeats. Ultrasound is a safe and painless examination that does not expose the dam or foetuses to radiation. The examination is performed on an awake patient without sedation.
X-ray — counting puppies
Radiography can more accurately estimate the number of puppies from approximately day 50 of gestation, when the fetal skeleton has mineralised sufficiently to be visible on X-ray. Knowing the exact number of puppies is important for delivery planning — it helps identify when all puppies have been born and prepare for potential complications.
Fetal monitoring
In late pregnancy, fetal viability is monitored with ultrasound. Heart rate indicates fetal wellbeing — a normal fetal heart rate is above 200 beats per minute. A decreased rate may indicate fetal distress, in which case a caesarean section may be necessary. Regular monitoring is especially important in high-risk pregnancies.
Caesarean section planning
In certain breeds (e.g. English Bulldog, French Bulldog, Boston Terrier), caesarean sections often need to be planned in advance. Our clinic is equipped for both planned and emergency caesarean sections. During pregnancy examinations, puppy size is assessed relative to the birth canal and the delivery timing is planned together with the owner.
Frequently asked questions about pregnancy examinations
<strong>When does pregnancy become visible on ultrasound?</strong> Pregnancy can be reliably confirmed by ultrasound from approximately day 24–25 of gestation. At this stage, gestational sacs are visible and fetal heartbeats can be detected. Too early an examination may give a false negative result. If fewer than 24 days have passed since mating, we recommend waiting a few days before booking. <strong>How many puppies can be counted?</strong> Ultrasound can estimate the number of puppies, but the most accurate count is obtained by X-ray from approximately day 50 of gestation, when the fetal skeletons have mineralised. Skulls and spines can be reliably counted on the radiograph. Knowing the exact number of puppies is important for monitoring delivery — it confirms when all puppies have been born.